BALKAN CONNECTION
Brazen as the Mafia, Ethnic Albanian
Thugs Specialize in Mayhem
Active in the Heroin Trade, The Faction Is So Violent
Prosecutors Need Guards
Dujo Saljanin's Comeuppance
The Wall Street Journal,
Monday, September 9, 1985,
pp.1,18
By Anthony M. DeStefano
NEW YORK - The informant who visited the
office of U.S. Attorney Rudolph W. Giuliani [current Mayor of New York
City] last December had a chilling story to tell:
A defendant in a drug racketeering case
that Mr. Giuliani was prosecuting was offering $400.000 to anyone who would
kill a certain assistant U.S. attorney and a federal drug enforcement agent.
For 45 minutes Mr. Giuliani and his chief
assistant, William Tendy, listened to and evaluated the tale. Five other
informants later corroborated it. The threatened lawmen-assistant prosecutor
Alan M. Cohen and narcotics agent Jack Delmore-were given 24-hour-a-day
protection by federal marshals.
For years police and court officials in
Italy have had to deal with Maffia attempts on their lives, some of which
have succeeded. American gangsters have rarely dared such crimes. But certain
criminal groups in the U.S. now seem less restrained. Mr. Giuliani says
he has recently heard of more threats against law-enforcement officers
and judges around the country than at any other time in his 15 years as
a prosecutor. A number of his colleagues share that perception. Mr. Giuliani
says that he himself has heen threatened.
The "Balkan Connection"
The drug case that brought forth the threats
Mr. Giuliani is concerned about involved the disruption of the so-called
"Balkan connectlon" heroin trade conducted by among others a
loosely orginised group of ethnic Albanians, centered in
New York. A federal probe into this drug traffic and other posslble crimes,
including the alleged plot to kill officials, is in progress. The drug
investigation and the criminal activities
of a group of Albanian-Americans have attracted little publicity.
Many Albanians came to the U.S. after World
War II via Yugoslavia. Others before the war, came directly from Albania.
A small, mountainous Balkan country, communist Albania is bordered on the
west by the Adriatic Sea and on its other boundries by Yugoslavia and Greece...
Albanians
who take to crime have created new and unique problems for some law-enforcement
officers around the country. Language and a
code of silence have protected the Albanian-American crime factions from
outside penetration. "They are real secretive" says a detective
in Hamtramck, Mich., a Detroit suburb where many Albanians live. He says
police have tried but failed to infiltrate Albanian gangs here.
Various Crimes
Albanian-Americans
criminals, police say, are involved in everything from gun-running to counterfeiting.
In New York City, a police intelligence analyst says, some ethnic Albanians
living in the Bronx are involved in extortion and robbery. Federal officials
believe that Albanians run gambling in certain New York ethnic clubs.
Violence
within the Albanian community can be particularly
brutal, whether related to orginized crime
or not. In Hamtramck, an Albanian, reportedly enraged by
the belief that his wife had contracted a veneral diseace, shot three people
at a clinic and then killed himself. In some attacks, women
have been slashed with knives: crowded restaurants and bars have been raked
with gunfire. "They're
a wild bunch
of people," says Capt. Glen McAlpine of the Shelby Township,
Mich., police. During an investigation of Albanian crime in Shelby, a
bomb exploded next to the police station. A police officer
also was threatened, Capt. McAlpine says.
But it is drug trafficking that has gained
Albanian organized crime the most notoriety. Some Albanians, according
to federal Drug Enforcement Agency officials, are key traders in the "Balkan
connection," the Istanbul-to-Belgrade heroin route. While
less well known than the so-called Sicilian and French connections, the
Balkan route in some years may move 25% to 40% of the U.S. heroin supply,
official say.
Ties to Turks
Once serving only as couriers, some ethnic
Albanians and Yugoslavs now are taking over more command of the traffic,
says Andrew Fenrich, a DEA spokesman in New York. Federal agents say that
Balkan crime groups are well suited for trafficking because of close historical
and religious ties with the Turks, some of whom are sources of heroin.
DEA agents say the heroin flows from Turkey
through Bulgaria and Greece into Yugoslavia. From there it can wind up
in Rome, Brussels, The Haggue and the U.S.. Once in America, the Balkan
heroin is believed by officials to be distributted by some ethnic Albanians
and Turks. (Albania itself, long cut
off from the most of the world by its recently deceased leader Enver Hoxha,
isn't believed by the U.S. to be involved in the drug trade - [which leaves
Kosovo as the
only source].)
On the surface, at least, Skender Fici seemed
to be a law-abiding businessman. He ran a Staten Island travel agency,
Theresa Worldwide, which made a specialty of booking trips to Yugoslavia,
where many Albanlans live.
He became a speciailst in handling immigration
paper work, and he sponsored a local ethnic Albanian soccer team.
According to federal prosecutors and a sentencing
memorandum they filed in Manhattan's Federal District Cortt, Mr. Fici's
travel agency made a perfect vehicle for arranging quick trips for drug
dealers and couriers working the Balkan connection. One of Mr. Fici's first
shipments arrived in New York in February 1979, according to the prosecutors'
memo. A kilogram of heroin was distributed in New York partly through the
efforts of Xhevedet Lika [an Albanian], known as Joey Lik, who made his
base on New York City's polyglot Lower East Side.
There, according to the sentencing memorandum,
Mr. Lika sold the drug to other dealers from a social club located in the
midst of Judaica shops and Chinese clothing stores.
By 198O, according to federal court testimony
and the sentencing report, Mr. Lika was importing heroin as well as distrtbuting
it, traveling to Turkey and Yugoslavia to arrange shipments. He also allegedly
dealt in cocaine with Xhevedet Mustafa [an Albanbanian], who disappeared
in 1982. Mr. Mustafa had been a supporter, of the late, deposed Albanian
monarch King Zog, who died in 1961.
Mr. Mustafa skipped out before his own federal
trial on drug charges could take place in 1982. In September 1982, be reportedly
led an unsuccesslul invasion of Albania aimed at restoring the monarchy.
Mr. Hoxha said the invaders all were "liquidated" but Mr. Mustafa
still is listed as a fugitive in federal court records.
Mr. Lika, meanwhile, was expanding his heroin
business In New York with other associates, according to federal prosecutors.
He had fallen out with one of his old partners, Dujo Saljanin, who in 1991
had agreed to import several kilos of heroin for Mr. Llka and others but
short-weighted the delivery by a kilo. To resolve the descrepancy, a January
1981 meeting was held at a Park Avenue South restaurant Mr. Saljanin operated.
Joey Lika and two other men, Mehmet Bici and Vuksan Vulaj, were present.
Mr. Bici later testified in federal court that Mr. Vulaj pulled a gun and
shot Mr. Saljanin.
"Mr. Lika had a gun, and he shot him,
too," Mr. Bici testified. "I was there, too, and I shot him too.
And then we just left, crossed the street," he testified.
Even with 13 bullet wounds, Mr. Saljanin
lived a short while, long enough to talk. Mr. Vulaj was later shotgunned
to death. Hampered by lack of cooperation in the Albanian community, as
well as by difficultles with the Albanlan language that made electronic
surveillance useless, police and federal agents worked about three years
belore they broke the case in 1984.
Federal
officials estimate that the group had imported more than 110 pounds of
heroin with a retall or "street" value of $125
million through the Balkan connection before
the ring was broken up. Federal agents believe the drugs
had been sold in New York, California, Texas and Illinois.
The trail that Mr. Delmore, the DEA agent,
followed led to Mr. Bici, who was then serving a sentence in a New York
state prison for attempted manslaughter of his wife. Questioned by Mr.
Delmore, Mr. Bici at first denied having any knowledge of drug dealing
or the Saljanin murder but ultimately decided to cooperate. He was indicted
along wlth Joey Llka, Mr. Llka's brother Luan, Mr. Fici and others on federal
charges of drug dealing and racketeering. Luan Lika was never arrested
and remains a fugitive. Mr. Bici pleaded guilty to transporting heroin
and to racketeering. He was sentenced to eight years and is serving time
under guard in the "prisoner witness" protection program. The
atmosphere at the trial, which began late last year, was highly charged.
Early in the proceeding, Mr, Cohen, the prosecutor, mentioned that a witness
claimed to have been threatened with death by Mr. Lika's father.
(Judge Vincent Broderick kept Lika family
spectators seated near the back of the courtroom.)
Another witness reported that a man outside
the Manhattan courthouse had threatened her. Gjon Barisha, a prospective
witness, fled before the trial, after claiming that he had been fired at.
He evaded federal agents for months before being arrested on a material
witness warrant last month. Others who were to be called as witnesses hid
out or refused to testify, prosecutor Cohen says, because they feared,
as one of them put it, "a bullet in the head." Prosecutors allege
that some witnesses perjured themselves at the trial.
Judge
Broderick remarked during the trial that the case involved the most reckless
disregard for human life that he had ever seen. The message
wasn't lost on federal officials, who took the threats against them seriously.
Since
World War II, there have been more than 800 revenge killings by Albanians
in Yugoslavia and several in New York, according to Dushan
Kosovich, a scholar who has studied Albanlan mores. Mr. Giuliani says of
the threat against Mr. Cohen: "This was the most serious threat I
have seen yet to an assistant U.S. attorney."
For three months from late 1984 into early
1985, Mr. Cohen and Mr. Delmore and their wives shared their homes with
federal marshals acting as bodyguards. "You can't believe what it
is like" says Mr. Cohen, who was guarded in court-even when he went
to the men's room.
A Jury this year convicted Joey Lika and
Mr. Fici on charges of racketeering conspiracy. Mr. Lika was also convicted
of the more serious charge of running a criminal enterprise. To emphasize
to the defendants that their opponent was the government, and not just
Mr. Cohen, U S. Attorney Giuliani himself
appeared in court for the sentencing in March. Mr, Lika denied
in court as sentence was about to be rendered that he wanted anyone killed...
Mr. Lika was sentenced to life in prison, Mr. Fici to 80 years. They are
appealing their convictions.
Mr. Giuliani refuses to discuss detalls,
but he says he has learned recently that there had been an effort to fulflll
an assassination contract against him and Messrs. Cohen and Delmore. "After
you have been convicted," he says, "there is no rational reason
to klll a prosecutor, except revenge."
While Mr. Giuliani says he now considers
the threat against himself "minor," DEA agent Delmore and his
famlly have moved-away from New York. Prosecutor Cohen is still investigating
other drug dealers in New York but he, too, has a new residence.
Federal officials aren't sure how much lasting
damage they have done to the Balkan connection. Mr. Cohen says the Lika
case and others, prosecuted by local authorities, have resulted in the
conviction of more than 10 Albanian-American drug traffickers, and that
has got to have some impact.
Mr. Fenrich, the DEA spokesman, says that
the Lika case made it clear that vendettas against law enforcers won's
be tolerated.
As for Joey Llka, prison may be the safest
place for him. Because he testified about his part in the Saljanin killing,
federal agents say he now is "in the blood" - that is, the object
of a vendetta - with relatives of Mr. Saljanin.
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