WHEN:
October 20 and 21, 1941
WHERE:
Kragujevac, Central Serbia
The victims:
7,000 Serbian men, some as young as 18 years old
The perpetrators:
The regular German Nazi (Wehrmacht) troops
The event:
German soldiers collected thousands of Serbian males from
their work places, high-school children from their
classrooms, and summarily mechine-gunned them.
The "excuse:"
Outright revenge for killed German soldiers.
The Serbs were the first to start mass armed resistance to
Nazis in Nazi occupied Europe. Fierce fighters the Serbs were
able to liberate most of Montenegro and large parts of central
Serbia. The liberated territory was almost the size of Switzerland!
In the process many Germans were killed and many more
captured. All of this
was happening only few months after Hitler conquered and
partitioned Yugoslavia. It was also the time when Nazis
were pushing hard to take Moscow and Leningrad. To stop
the partisan resistance on the territory they already
occupied and to free troops for Eastern Front the Germans
decided to introduce a revenge ratio: For every killed
German soldier 100 Serbian civilians will be executed.
The net result was that the guerilla movement stopped
acting in Serbia and moved into Croat-Nazi controlled
Bosnia.
Status:
Most of the world still does not know about Kragujevac
massacre. Kragujevac was also seat of the factory that
produced Yugo cars. During NATO's attack on Yugoslavia
in March, April, May, June of 1999, Kragujevac was heavily
bombed and Yugo factory destroyed. Parts of the park
dedicated to commemoration of the massacre was also damaged
by NATO bombs.
The Serbs keep commemorating the martyrdom of Kragujevac
male population each year on the day of the massacre.
To learn more...
please, visit this web page.
WHEN:
June 10, 1942
WHERE:
Lidice, Czech Republic
The victims:
All together 340 Lidice (Czech) citizens were murdered.
The perpetrators:
German SS
The event:
The Nazi SS flooded the village. Lidice men (173 of them)
were caught and shot right away. Small children were poisoned
by gas. Older children were "sent for re-education" to Germany.
Women were sent to concentration camp Ravensbruck. Out of those
143 survived and 7 children were, after the war, found and
returned to their mothers.
The "excuse:"
On May 27, 1942, Reinhard Heydrich, head of the RSHA, the Reichsprotektor
of Czechoslovakia was mortally wounded in a grenade attack on his car
near Prague by two Czech parachutists sent from London by the Czech
government-in-exile. The war crime in Lidice was perpetrated as an act of reprisal
and as a tactic in stifling popular enthusiasm for resistance.
There was no repetition of Nazi assassination in Czechoslovakia
after this reprisal.
Status:
This is a well known Nazi war crime. There is a memorial park and
a museum at Lidice village.
To learn more...
please, visit this web page
and this one.
WHEN:
June 10, 1944
WHERE:
Oradour sur Glane, France
The victims:
Estimated at 648 (French) residents of the town and
the surrounding countryside were murdered.
The perpetrators:
Nazi German 2nd SS Panzer Division 'Das Reich'
The event:
The SS occupied the town. The entire population of the town was
rounded up. Men were separated, locked in garages and barns
and then shot.
The SS then closed 452 women and children in the town church
and killed them by smoke and sharpnel grenades lobbed
through the church windows. Only one woman, Mme Rouffanche,
escaped to tell the story.
The "excuse:"
The D-Day operation of attacking German Nazi empire from the West
started only four days before the war crime occured. The D-Day
started on June 6, 1944 in Normandy, France. French resistance
was particularly active in the area of Oradour sur Glane. German
sources claim that 139 Germans were killed by the resistance.
Some of the killed (the SS alleged) were German prisoners.
Bodies of 62 mutilated German soldiers were found by SS in
nearby Tulle. Also, Helmut Kämpfe, the popular German commander
of III./SS-Panzergrenadierregiment 4 'Der Führer' was
abducted by the resistance and never found back.
Pressed from two large fronts and attacked from the rear
German SS wanted to revenge their dead and "teach
resistance a lecture."
Status:
This Nazi war crime is quite well known in world literature.
After the war the French government decided to leave
Oradour sur Glane as German SS left it - in ruins. The village
is to serve as a monument of civilian suffering at hands
of the Nazis.
To learn more...
please, visit this web page
and this one.
Examples of GENOCIDE:
WHEN:
The night between August 3rd and 4th, 1941
WHERE:
Glina church, Serbian Krajina (later part of Tito's "Croatia")
The victims:
Some 2,000 Serbian civillians. Almost all men.
The perpetrators:
Nazi Croats local to Glina area.
The event:
Nazi Croats (known as Ustashas)
collected any male Serb they could
find in vicinity of Glina village. They then pushed as many of these
people into Glina church. During the night the Ustashas came with
knives and slaughtered them all. One by one.
The "excuse:"
None. A simple case of genocide which
Ustasha called cleansing. The
Ustashas started slaughtering their Serbian neighbors as soon
as German armies installed them to power. The slaughter had
no military or any other excuse. It only boosted guerilla movement
among the Serbs who saw no other way to survive but to fight.
This Ustasha bestiality shocked even German Nazis who were angered
that Ustasha deeds are only producing strengthened resistance in
the central Balkans.
Status:
In 1995, as new Ustashas got to power (with help of Germany and US),
they expelled the remaining, unslaughtered Serbian population.
They then shelled
and looted the new church rebuilt at the place where Ustashas
slaughtered the Serbs and ruined the old church in 1941.
The memorial plaque commemorating the 1941 slaughter was
smashed, too.
To learn more...
please, read the survivor's testimony.
WHEN:
The next day: August 4, 1941
WHERE:
Prebilovci, Serbian Herzegovina
The victims:
Some 800 Serbian men, women, children. Almost all inhabitants of Prebilovci.
The perpetrators:
Muslim and Croat neighbors who joined Ustasha troops.
The event:
On August 4, 1941, some 3,000 Ustashas got to Prebilovci.
Serbian women and children were either captured and herded
into the elementary school or killed in their homes.
Atrocities began in the village including the killing of
50 infants who were swung by their legs so that their heads
could be dashed against the school wall. There was continuous
rape of the young girls. Remaining villagers were slaughtered
(or thrown alive) into deep mountain crevices.
The "excuse:"
None. A simple case of genocide which
Ustasha called cleansing.
Status:
Only in 1991 did the local Serbs dare exhume their dead.
Tito had ordered mountain crevices be cemented. The bones
of the martyrs were brought to a newly-made monastery.
On November 5, 1992, the Croats dymanited and destroyed
the monastery.
To learn more...
please, visit this web page.